Parasite Forecast. Low temperatures and snow coverage result in a much reduced immediate risk of winter PGE. However, infective larvae can survive freezing conditions, and the micro-climate under snow can be conducive to their survival. This means pastures can become infective again once the snow clears and temperatures rise above around 5 °C...............More ▼

Caseous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.  Transmission occurs either directly between sheep during close confinement or, indirectly, via contaminated shearing equipment. Fighting, causing skin lesions on the head, is the major means of disease transmission between rams in the UK............................More ▼

Gilt Health and Integration. Across commercial herds, the replacement rates of breeding females can vary from 30 to 60% in a year and the introduction of large numbers of gilts on a regular basis has the potential to disrupt the herd’s health either by introduction of new disease causing organisms or the introduction of gilts naïve to the organisms present on the recipient farm with which the gilts become infected and multiply.......................  More ▼

Mouth Problems in Cattle. Congenital abnormalities including cleft palate, prognathia and brachygnathia are rare and most lesions affecting the mouth are caused by trauma and infection. Cattle with lesions of the mouth usually present with profuse salivation and poor abdominal fill due to impaired feeding.................More ▼